What was the ancient Greek concept of "atom"? How did Dalton apply it to the new chemistry that was emerging in his day?
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Describe some key episodes in the history of the "energy" concept: consider especially the origin of the concept, as well as contemporary cosmological.
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How did Carnot's analogy between and engine and the waterwheel advance thermodynamics?
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What work did Newton draw from, and what did he unify? How did he lay the foundation for some of the concepts that came later?
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What kinds of motivations were important to Copernicus in overturning the Ptolemaic system? In what ways was Kepler similar to Copernicus
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What was the status of mathematics in the Greek conception of science? In what ways has the Greek conception been preserved, and in what ways has it changed?
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Did Catholicism mainly benefit from "grassroots" beliefs and practices or because of official responses to the challenges of the Reformation
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Identify three characteristics of Renaissance humanism. Then, for each, describe a specific example of this philosophy that can be seen in Renaissance art.
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Why did he postulate the existence of an inherited "unit" that could not be seen? What refinements have been made to Mendel's original genetics?
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What did "uniformitarian" geology say about the timescales of earth's history, and the rate at which change occurred? Are there any examples
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What evolutionary theories were proposed prior to Darwin? How were these theories different from Darwin's theory: what extra concepts did they contain
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What are the similarities/differences in the uses of power in the medieval era, the period of the Industrial Revolution, and our own era?
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How would you explain this? What role did scientific method and changes in theology have in the changing definition of witchcraft?
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How are they both the culminations and/or representations of the eras that produced them?
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Why was her data important to Watson and Crick? How does her treatment by her colleagues reflect on the scientific culture of the time?
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What other theories did he employ, and what problems did it solve? How did Pauling's work form the basis of our understanding of biological molecules?
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How did Einstein use Galileo's concept of relativity in his own work? How does Einstein's theory of gravity differ from Newton's
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1. Briefly explain why attempts to create a unified German state during the mid-nineteenth century failed.
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How does Carnot's gravitational analogy persist in the reaction-coordinate diagrams in chemistry and biochemistry?
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Kelvin's arguments for the earth's age, based on cooling rates (Evolution and Entropy).
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