Oxygen containing organic compounds

9.0 Investigates the relationship between the structure and properties of oxygen containing organic compounds.

9.1 Investigates the structure,polar nature of carbon-oxygen bond and  oxygen-hydrogen bond and reactions of alcohols.

Classifies alcohols as primary, secondary and tertiary.

Describes the polar nature of the O- H bond and C- O bond.

Relates the physical properties of alcohols with their ability to form hydrogen bonds.

Relate the breaking of O-H and CO bonds and the elimination and oxidation reactions of alcohols with the structure.

Distinguishes primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols by Lucas test.

Tests the properties of alcohols and records observation.

9.2Analyses the reactions of phenol in terms of its carbon-oxygenbond and oxygenhydrogenbond

Explains why phenols are more acidic than alcohols.

Explains why phenols do not undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions undergone by alcohols.

States the reactions of phenols with sodium metal and sodium hydroxide.

Identifies the properties of phenol by simple tests.

9.3 Investigates the effect of the -OH group on the reactivity of the benzene ring in phenol

States that in the substitution reactions of phenol, the substituent gets attached to the ortho (2, 6) and para (4) positions relative to the –OH group.

Explains why the aromatic ring of phenol is more reactive towards electrophiles than benzene itself.

9.4 Investigates the polar nature and unsaturated nature of > C=O bond in  aldehydes and ketones as exemplified by their reactions

Explains the unsaturated nature of the carbonyl group.

Explains nucleopihlic addition reactions as the characteristic reactions of aldehydes.

Presents the mechanisms of nucleophilic addition reactions with Grignard reagent and HCN.

Uses the property of aldehydes undergoing oxidation very easily relative to the ketones to distinguish between them.

Shows the reactivity of carbonyl compounds containing α - H using suitable examples.

Presents the condensation reactions of aldehydes and ketones in the presence of sodium hydroxide.

Identifies carbonyl group by relevant tests.

Distinguishes aldehydes from ketones by relevant tests.

9.5 Compares the structure and properties of carboxylic acids with the other oxygen containing organic compounds.

Relates the physical properties of carboxylic acids to their structure.

Compares the reactivity pattern of the carboxyl (-COOH) group with that of the carbonyl group in carbonyl compounds and the -OH group in phenols and alcohols.

Compares the acidic properties of carboxylic acids, alcohols and phenol using the reactions with Na, NaOH , Na2 CO3  and NaHCO3.

Presents examples for reactions involving the cleavage of the C-O bond.

Tests the properties and reactions of carboxylic acids.

9.6 Investigates the characteristic reactions of acid derivatives.

States that the characteristic reactions of the acid derivatives are nucleophilic substitution reactions.

Writes examples for the characteristic reactions of acid chlorides.

Writes examples for the characteristic reactions of esters.

Writes examples for the characteristic reactions of amides.

Recognizes that the first step in all the reactions of acid derivatives is an attack by a nucleophile on the carbon atom of the carbonyl group.

Writes the mechanism for the reaction between acid chloride and sodium hydroxide.