Drawing and Surveying Techniques
22.37 Select and use protective clothing and equipment as applicable to the task.
Q1. List (and justify) five protective clothing / equipment used to carry out a survey of each of the following:
a) building structure
b) ‘greenfield site’
22.38 Apply good housekeeping practices at all times.
Q1. List five categories/types of waste generated on a building construction site.
Q2. Describe five benefits of proper housekeeping practices on a construction site.
22.39 Carry out risk assessments as applicable to the task and prepare a report identifying potential hazards.
Q1. Submit a tabular report on the risk assessment to be carried out prior to undertaking a survey of an abandoned chemical factory.
22.40 Use suitable horizontal control frameworks involving 5 to 8 survey stations.
Q1 a) With the aid of sketches explain the term ‘witnessing a station’.
b) Describe the need for thorough reconnaissance before setting the control frameworks.
c) List two factors to be considered for the selection of suitable positions for survey stations.
22.41 Set up optical reading and/or electronic theodolites and measure angles and distances as required.
Q1. Complete the table below and compute the closing error.
|
From
|
To
|
Face Left
|
Face Right
|
|
A
|
C
|
00010'20"
|
180010'40"
|
|
B
|
73045'30"
|
253046'00"
|
|
B
|
A
|
73045'30"
|
253045'30"
|
|
C
|
130024'00"
|
310024'40"
|
|
C
|
B
|
130024'00"
|
310024'40"
|
|
A
|
180010'40"
|
00011'00"
|
22.42 Maintain specified standard of accuracy with respect to obstacles and sloping ground.
Q1.Explain the stepping method of measuring the horizontal distance of a sloping ground.
Q2. Describe any geometrical method to find obstructed length in following cases:
i) Chaining free-vision obstructed.
ii) Chaining obstructed-vision free.
22.43 Produce sketches of existing features (relative to control framework).
Q1. Q1. Produce sketches to illustrate the use of TEN common shorthand abbreviations or symbols used in surveying.
22.44 Record data by field book or data logger.
Q1. Submit an example of work recorded in a field book.
22.45 Compute closed traverse figure and adjust to obtain final co-ordinates.
Q1. For the closed traverse shown below, calculate the co-ordinates of stations B and C.
22.46 Survey position of existing features manually or by electronic instruments.
Q1. Set out a control framework having a minimum of 5 stations.
Use ‘offset and ties’ method to locate natural and manmade features.
Submission: Layout showing the existing above ground features relative to the control framework.
22.47 Maintain correct dimensional control by appropriate measurement checks and adjustments of errors.
Q1. Describe two methods commonly used to maintain correct dimensional control during a survey.
22.48 Measure height differences using levels by observing and recording of staff readings.
Q1. Using automatic level observe readings on the leveling staff placed one after another on the indicated five spots. Taking the reduced level of the first spot to be 100m, calculate the reduced levels of the remaining stations. (Students should work in groups of two or three)
22.49 Carry out levelling circuit, check closing error, reduce levels and apply adjustments
Q1. Q1. Complete the levelling book using Rise and fall method.
|
B.S
|
I.S
|
F.S
|
RISE
|
FALL
|
R.L
|
|
1.535
|
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
1.655
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.690
|
|
1.739
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.496
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.580
|
|
1.436
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.530
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.610
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.625
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22.50 Set out buildings by simple methods.
Q1. Sketch an annotated setting out drawing for a T - Shaped traditional building.
Q2. Describe the use ’3:4:5 triangles’ and ’diagonals check’ to set up profiles boards.
22.51 Draw longitudinal section for road or drainage design.
Q1.The data table below shows the depth of a trench at 8 m intervals. Draw a longitudinal section of the trench at a scale of 1:250 (horizontal) and 1:50 (vertical).
|
Chainage
|
0.00
|
8.00
|
16.00
|
24.00
|
32.00
|
40.00
|
48.00
|
56.00
|
64.00
|
|
Ground level(R.L)
|
6.660
|
6.590
|
6.750
|
6.410
|
6.270
|
6.200
|
5.870
|
5.800
|
6.020
|
|
Invert level
|
2.950
|
3.150
|
3.350
|
3.550
|
3.750
|
3.950
|
4.150
|
4.350
|
4.550
|
|
Cut(+) fill(-)
|
3.710
|
3.440
|
3.400
|
2.860
|
2.520
|
2.250
|
1.720
|
1.450
|
1.470
|
22.52 Set out levels on site.
Q1.Taking the road center as bench mark. Set out the following levels for an extension work.
Floor level: +600
Terrace level: +450
Set out graded formation levels for roads or drainage.
Q1 Pipe laying for a new sewer is to be controlled in a shallow open trench by using as alignment laser.
Design data for the sewer are as follows :
|
Inspection chamber
|
Invert level ( m)
|
Distance from A (m)
|
|
A
|
78.00
|
0
|
|
B
|
77.60
|
20
|
|
C
|
|
32
|
|
D
|
|
47
|
Gradient B to C is 1:40 ( fall)
C to D is 1:60 ( fall)
a) Calculate the
i) Sewer gradient between A and B.
ii) Invert levels at C and D.
b) Draw a longitudinal section for the sewer using scales of 1:500 (horiz) and 1:50 ( vert).
Plot to scale using field data and verify by AutoCAD methods.
Q1. Using appropriate scale, plot manually the position of the following stations on A4 size paper and verify (by overlay) by AutoCAD. Submit a printout.
|
Stations
|
Easting (m)
|
Northing (m)
|
|
A
|
100
|
500
|
|
B
|
400
|
600
|
|
C
|
600
|
900
|
|
D
|
250
|
1100
|
|
E
|
20
|
800
|
Measure areas from completed drawing by planimeter or formula.
Q1. Using the double latitude formula calculate the area of the figure plotted on 22.54.