Answer the four following questions in essay form.  

1. According to Kipling, what was the burden of the white man? How does Kipling glorify the white man's role? How are Kipling's imperial subjects characterized? What were the civil and military aspects of the "white man's burden"?
2. Describe the details and key players in the Dreyfus Affair.
3. For Herzl, what is the "Jewish Question"? What is modern anti-Semitism? What does Herzl believe to be its causes and effects?  How does Herzl envision achieving statehood for the Jewish people?
4. Describe the emergence of Benito Mussolini. Explain who Mussolini was, discuss his political beliefs, and trace the emergence of the fascist movement in Italy. Discuss why Hitler was supported by the German people. Compare and contrast National Socialism and fascism.