Research purposes all calculations to be shown please

1. Using the nomogram and charts (FIGURES 1 and 2) on pages 4 and 5, determine the diameter of a suitable air main for the distribution of 6 m³ min^-1 FAD. System pressure is 6 bar, the length of the pipe run is 175 metres, and a maximum pressure drop of 0.3 bar is allowed.

The distribution main must also include the following :
- 4 bends (r  = 2d)
- 2 elbow fittings
- 6 tee connectors
- 2 diaphragm valves.

2. Describe the relevant advantages and disadvantages of using steel, copper or plastic pipe for a distribution main.

3. What problems may occur if a pipe is specified :
- larger
- smaller
than the optimum value?

4. A compressor delivers 300 l s^-1 of free air into a pipe at a pressure of 6 bar gauge. Using the pressure drop formula:

pressure drop = 800lQ²/Rd^5.31

calculate the minimum diameter of pipe if the pressure drop in a system is to be limited to 0.3 bar when is delivered through a pipe of equivalent length 160 m.

5. Explain the difference in operation between a 'macro' and a 'micro' oil mist lubricator. State where you would use a 'micro' in preference to a `macro lubricator.

6. List four possible causes of overheating on a multi-stage reciprocating compressor.

7. Produce a system monitoring chart that could be used by a machine operator to maintain a daily record of hydraulic system performance details.

8. State the precautions to be taken when changing the fluid in a hydraulic system from a mineral oil based hydraulic fluid to a fire resistant fluid.

FIG. Table of equivalent pipe lengths for valves and fittings as used on air distribution systems