GEOGRAPHY
1 (a) Distinguish between ‘Maternal Mortality’ and ‘Infant Mortality’.
(b) Table 1 shows changes in Life Expectancy for selected countries of the world for the period from 1970 up to 2025 (projected)
|
|
1970
|
1998
|
2025 (estimate)
|
|
|
Male
|
Female
|
Male
|
Female
|
Male
|
Female
|
|
Japan
|
71
|
76
|
79
|
85
|
84
|
88
|
|
Italy
|
69
|
75
|
78
|
83
|
82
|
86
|
|
UK
|
69
|
75
|
76
|
81
|
78
|
83
|
|
USA
|
68
|
75
|
75
|
80
|
78
|
83
|
|
China
|
63
|
64
|
70
|
74
|
76
|
80
|
|
India
|
51
|
49
|
62
|
63
|
68
|
70
|
|
Bangladesh
|
46
|
44
|
61
|
62
|
66
|
68
|
|
Kenya
|
49
|
53
|
49
|
47
|
52
|
53
|
|
Zambia
|
39
|
42
|
38
|
37
|
41
|
41
|
TABLE 1
Describe and explain the trends shown
(c) Outline how governments can reduce maternal mortality.
2 (a) Briefly explain the interaction which exists between rural and urban settlements.
(b) Outline the effects of counter urbanization on both source and the receiving area.
(c) How do rural areas evolve into urban areas.
3 (a) Identify advantages of biofuels.
(b) Outline the effect of fossil fuels on the environment.
(c) Evaluate the reasons why the biofuel project did not succeed in Zimbabwe.
4 (a) List the effects of Second Hand Vehicles in Zimbabwe.
(b) Give the effects of import restrictions to the economy?
(c) Evaluate the disadvantages of second hand clothing to the country.
5 (a) Identify the causes of water pollution.
(b) Outline the effects of water pollution.
(c) Assess efforts made to reduce environmental degradation in your local area.
6 (a) State the effects of climate change on agricultural activities.
(b) Explain the characteristics of plantation agriculture.
(c) Assess the impact of plantation agriculture on the local communities.
7 (a) Identify the importance of carrying out environmental impact assessments (EIA) in mining.
(b) Outline the procedures taken in acquiring mining rights in Zimbabwe.
(c) Discuss the measures that must be taken to ensure safety at a mine.
8 (a) Briefly outline the benefits of tourism on the society.
(b) With reference to Zimbabwe, suggest reasons for changes that have taken place in the character of manufacturing industry since Independence in 1980.
(c) Comment on how industrial waste can be put to good use.
9 (a) Define ‘food security’ and ‘balanced diet’.
(b) Describe and explain the main threats to food security.
(c) To what extent can food insecurity be eliminated?
10 (a) Define regional inequality giving examples.
(b) Why do governments try to reduce inequalities?
(c) Evaluate Zimbabwe’s efforts to reduce regional inequality.